The Past

The development of wastewater-disposal (sewerage) systems in Russia was significantly behind that of water supply systems. When towns gradually started developing central water supply using water mains in the second half of the 19th century, there was no question of central wastewater disposal. Removal of sewage from houses was arranged by means of a cesspool set up in the yard, with subsequent transportation by dung-carts to dumps. At that time these were set up at a distance of a mere 0.5 -2 km from residential developments